Ringfort (Rath), Garranard, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Ringforts
A working farm field in County Limerick has quietly absorbed an early medieval enclosure into its own boundary, to the point where a dry-stone field wall now runs directly over part of the original earthen bank, and the two have become almost indistinguishable from one another.
The ringfort beneath, a rath in Irish usage meaning a roughly circular enclosure defined by a raised bank and internal ditch, sits in the south-eastern corner of a large pasture field on a gentle north-facing limestone slope in Garranard. What was once a self-contained domestic enclosure, probably dating to somewhere between the sixth and twelfth centuries when raths were the dominant settlement form across rural Ireland, has been gradually absorbed by centuries of continued agricultural use.
The enclosure itself is oval, measuring approximately 23.5 metres north to south and 20.6 metres east to west, according to the survey compiled by Denis Power and uploaded to the national record in August 2011. The earthen bank that originally defined it survives in part, reaching about 0.6 metres in external height along the western to north-eastern arc, but along the opposing arc it has been replaced or built over by the dry-stone field wall. The level interior is now covered by mature coniferous trees, which also obscure much of the enclosing bank, making the outline harder to read on the ground than it might appear on a map. Immediately to the south-east lies a second ovoid area, roughly 26 metres by 17.5 metres, defined by a scarped edge, a low cut or terrace in the ground surface roughly 5.25 metres wide. Whether this represents an outer annex to the original enclosure, a feature that would not be unusual in more complex rath examples, or simply a natural shelf in the outcropping limestone bedrock, is unresolved.
The site sits in open pasture and the limestone geology of the area means the ground can be uneven underfoot, with surface rock occasionally breaking through the turf. The tree cover inside the enclosure means the interior is shaded even in summer, and the nettles and thistles colonising the south-eastern scarped area are dense enough to make close inspection difficult at certain times of year. The boundary between the original monument and the later field wall is the most legible detail from the field edge, where the two materials and two different periods of enclosure can be seen sitting directly on top of one another.