Ringfort (Rath), Garranes, Co. Kerry

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Garranes, Co. Kerry

On a south-east-facing pasture slope above the Glantrasna River valley in County Kerry, there is an early medieval ringfort that cannot actually be seen.

Stand in the field and the ground gives nothing away; the enclosure survives only as a ghost on paper, its circular outline, roughly fifty metres in diameter, visible on the Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1897 but effectively erased from the modern landscape. What makes the site stranger still is that tucked into its north-eastern quadrant sits a children's burial ground, a cillín, a term for the informal, unconsecrated plots used across Ireland for unbaptised infants and others excluded from churchyard burial. The two elements, a vanished enclosure and a liminal burial place, occupy the same quiet ground without either one being legible to the eye.

A rath is a ringfort of earthen construction, typically a raised circular bank enclosing a farmstead of the early medieval period, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. Thousands were built across Ireland, and their survival varies considerably; some remain as impressive earthworks, others were levelled by centuries of cultivation and land improvement. At Garranes, a field boundary running concentrically around the inner enclosing element, set approximately five metres beyond it, may preserve the line of a second outer bank, suggesting the site was once a bivallate rath, with two concentric enclosures, a form generally associated with higher-status occupation. The 1897 map is the clearest evidence that the circular form was once distinguishable. Approximately one hundred metres to the east, on the far side of a small tributary stream feeding into the Glantrasna, a second rath has been recorded, and the proximity of the two sites along the same valley slope hints at a settled, organised early medieval landscape that has since been almost entirely absorbed into working farmland.

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