Ringfort (Rath), Glenmullynaha, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Glenmullynaha, Co. Mayo

In a damp, rush-choked field in Glenmullynaha, a low oval mound rises out of the pasture with quiet insistence.

It is not dramatic, but it is deliberate: an early medieval ringfort, or rath, positioned on elevated ground at precisely the point where the land begins to fall away north-eastward toward a stream. That placement is characteristic of the type. Raths were enclosed farmsteads, typically of the early medieval period, built to protect a household and its livestock, and their builders generally chose sites that offered a degree of natural drainage and visibility without committing to an exposed hilltop.

The mound itself is oval in plan, roughly twenty metres north to south and seventeen metres east to west, and rises between one and a half and nearly two metres above the surrounding ground. Its profile is gently domed, so that the flattened usable space on top, only about eleven metres by seven metres, flows almost imperceptibly into the sloping sides. A shallow linear depression cuts through the northern slope, though its precise origin or function is not recorded. More legible, in a different way, is a stone-faced terrace running along the north-east and east of the base: two metres wide, extending beyond the rath on a north-west to south-east axis, it appears on the 1919 Ordnance Survey map and represents a comparatively recent field boundary, added long after the rath itself went out of use. That layering of the ancient beneath the functional and ordinary is, in itself, a kind of quiet history. Local tradition also holds that a souterrain is associated with the site, a souterrain being an underground stone-lined passage typically used for storage or refuge, though its exact location has never been established.

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Pete F
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