Ringfort (Rath), Gortavallig, Co. Kerry

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Gortavallig, Co. Kerry

At Gortavallig in south-west Kerry, an early medieval ringfort sits on a gentle north-facing slope between the Drimminboy and Croanshagh Rivers, and its interior holds two things that rarely share the same ground: a souterrain and a children's burial ground.

Ringforts, known in Irish as raths, were typically enclosed farmsteads of the early medieval period, defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches. Here, the enclosure is oval in plan, measuring roughly 24 metres east to west and at least 18 metres north to south. The outer bank and outer fosse to the west have been swallowed almost entirely by blanket bog, while the main bank, standing just over a metre and a half above the exterior ground level, has become so overgrown along its northern arc as to be impenetrable.

What gives this site its particular character is the convergence of uses across time. Somewhere in the northern half of the interior lies a souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage or chamber of early medieval construction, typically used for storage or as a place of refuge. These features are common enough in Kerry ringforts, but their presence alongside a children's burial ground is less expected. The burial ground belongs to a tradition sometimes called a cillín, an informal burial place used for unbaptised infants and others excluded from consecrated ground, a practice that persisted in rural Ireland well into the twentieth century. The interior of the fort is now largely inaccessible due to overgrowth, which means both the souterrain entrance and the extent of the burial ground are difficult to assess from ground level. The earthworks themselves are poorly preserved, with the inner bank rising only about 35 centimetres above the interior surface, and the outer enclosing elements barely legible beneath the bog vegetation.

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