Ringfort (Rath), Grange, Co. Galway
Co. Galway |
Ringforts
At the centre of this roughly circular earthwork in Grange, County Galway, sits a cillín, a type of informal burial ground traditionally used for unbaptised children and others excluded from consecrated ground.
That detail, recorded by Egan in 1960, is the thing that separates this particular rath from the hundreds of similar enclosures scattered across the Irish countryside. The rath itself is a fairly typical early medieval farmstead enclosure, defined by a raised earthen bank and an outer fosse, or ditch, running around a roughly circular interior measuring about 31 metres north to south and 30 metres east to west. Yet its afterlife in local memory had nothing to do with farming or settlement. It was remembered, quietly and specifically, as a place where children were buried.
Raths of this kind were constructed throughout Ireland during the early medieval period, broadly between the fifth and twelfth centuries, as enclosed homesteads for farming families. The bank and fosse were as much a statement of social standing as a practical boundary. At Grange, the bank and fosse survive in fair condition, with the western side the best preserved. Quarrying has damaged the outer face of the bank along a sweep from the south-west through to the north-west, and a gap of about 2.2 metres on the eastern side may represent the original entrance. The cillín at the centre, recorded under the reference GA087-111003, is a reminder of how these ancient enclosures were quietly repurposed in later centuries. Communities across Ireland used the earthen boundaries of old raths and other pre-Christian monuments as burial places for those the Church would not accept, including stillborn infants and the unbaptised. The perceived antiquity and separation of such places made them suitable for a form of burial that was neither fully sacred nor entirely forgotten. This particular rath sits approximately eight metres south-west of a second ringfort, suggesting a landscape once rather more densely settled than it appears today.