Ringfort (Rath), Greatdown, Co. Westmeath

Co. Westmeath |

Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Greatdown, Co. Westmeath

On the summit of a hill rising to 112 metres in County Westmeath, a roughly oval earthwork marks the remains of a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, the type of enclosed farmstead that was built in its thousands across Ireland during the early medieval period, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries.

What makes this particular example quietly curious is the degree to which its legibility depends on where you stand. The enclosing bank reads clearly only from the south-west and west, and the external fosse, a defensive ditch dug around the outside of the bank, survives visibly only from the west round to the north. Approach from the east and much of the structure seems to dissolve into the hillside.

When the Ordnance Survey recorded this hill in 1837, the earthwork was already old enough to be mapped simply as an oval feature in the landscape. By 1970, when the monument was formally described, it measured roughly 33.5 metres north-northeast to south-southwest and 32 metres west-northwest to east-southeast, with a steep bank enclosing that roughly circular interior. A large gap in the bank at the east-south-east, about 6.3 metres wide at the top and 3.3 metres at the base, likely represents the original entrance, though it may have been widened over time. The interior has been substantially levelled in relatively modern times, which accounts for much of the loss of detail. Two features survive the interference: a small depression near the bank at the north-north-east, and a low, flat-topped circular mound near the southern edge of the bank, measuring about 3.7 metres in diameter and standing just 0.3 metres high. The function of that mound is not recorded, and the boggy hollows that lie downhill to the south-west, west, and north-west give the surrounding landscape a slightly unsettled character, even now.

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