Ringfort (Rath), Gualainn, Co. Kerry
Co. Kerry |
Ringforts
On the southern slopes of Croaghskearda in Co. Kerry, a double-banked ringfort sits in waterlogged pasture, its ditches long since pressed into service as field drains.
That practical repurposing has left the archaeology in an ambiguous state: the outer fosse, originally dug as a defensive ditch, now carries drainage water, and the soil thrown up from that later work has added roughly a metre to the top of the outer bank, blurring the boundary between early medieval construction and nineteenth or twentieth century land management. Despite all this, the earthworks remain substantial. The outer bank rises 2.5 metres above its fosse and spreads five metres at the base; the inner bank, still a metre proud of the enclosed interior, gives the site a layered, enclosed quality that even dense overgrowth cannot entirely disguise.
This is a bivallate rath, meaning it was enclosed by two concentric banks and ditches rather than the single ring more commonly seen across Ireland. Raths of this kind were typically the homesteads of people of some social standing in early medieval Ireland, the double enclosure signalling either greater wealth or a heightened concern for security. The interior here measures 32.5 metres across and once contained at least two further features. A clochaun, a small dry-stone beehive hut of a type well known across the Dingle Peninsula, was recorded by a surveyor named Curran; it measured about four metres in diameter, though no standing structure is now visible and only a stony mound likely marks the spot. Curran also noted a souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage often used for storage or refuge, located roughly 4.8 metres from the inner face of the southern bank. Two shallow channels or depressions radiating outward from the bank at the south-west may be connected to it, though their exact relationship is uncertain. The entrance to the enclosure faces east, a common orientation for raths, while two gaps on the north and south sides are modern breaks rather than original features.