Ringfort (Rath), Higginstown, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Ringforts
What was once a substantial enclosed settlement in the Westmeath lowlands has been so thoroughly absorbed into the working farmland around it that it now shows itself most clearly from the air, as a circular cropmark pressed into the grass.
A ringfort, known in Irish as a rath, is a type of enclosed farmstead typical of early medieval Ireland, usually comprising a circular area bounded by one or more earthen banks and ditches. This one, sitting in low-lying, gently undulating pasture with views partly blocked by higher ground to the north and east, once had a double-bank arrangement: an inner bank, a wide deep fosse, and an outer bank beyond that. The whole enclosure measured roughly 53 metres north to south and 51 metres east to west, which places it at the larger end of the ordinary rath scale.
By the time surveyors examined the monument in detail between 1970 and 1972, the site had already suffered considerably. The inner bank had been reduced to a mere scarp along its north-eastern arc, and a field boundary running north-east to south-west had cut through the bank from the east-north-east to the south-south-east quadrant. The outer bank survived only along the south-west to north-west section. At the southern entrance, a causeway crossing the fosse was still legible, modified but measurable, and on the east side of that entrance gap the inner bank had been built up or reworked into a substantial mound. More damaging still, the western and north-western portion of the interior had been extensively quarried for stone, removing whatever remained of any structures that once stood inside. The site had already appeared on the revised 1913 Ordnance Survey 25-inch map as a circular earthwork, meaning its outline was still readable to cartographers over a century ago, even as the agricultural pressure that would eventually flatten it was already well advanced. A long irregular depression at the north-west, defined by a low bank passing through the inner rampart, may represent a souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage sometimes used in early medieval Ireland for storage or refuge, though whether it was deliberately excavated or simply collapsed over time is unclear.