Ringfort (Rath), Irishtown, Co. Westmeath

Co. Westmeath |

Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Irishtown, Co. Westmeath

Near the top of a gentle hillock in County Westmeath, in what is now ordinary pasture, there is almost nothing left to see.

That near-absence is itself the point. What once stood here was a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, a type of enclosed farmstead typically dating from the early medieval period, roughly 500 to 1000 AD, in which a circular earthen bank and outer ditch defined a domestic space for a family of some local standing. Tens of thousands were built across Ireland; a great many have since been ploughed, quarried, or quietly levelled. This one in Irishtown belongs to that latter category, reduced over the centuries to little more than a faint saucer-shaped depression in the ground.

The site has a readable, if melancholy, paper trail. When the Ordnance Survey produced its six-inch map in 1837, the ringfort was still legible in the landscape, recorded as a sub-circular, tree-planted area defined by a bank and an external fosse, the ditch that typically ran around the outside of such enclosures. The OS Fair Plan map of the same year annotated it simply as a fort, and it formed the northern boundary of a small rectangular field. By the revised edition of 1913, the monument had been redrawn as an oval shape sitting within a large, narrow nineteenth-century field, the surrounding landscape already reorganised around it. When a field survey was carried out in 1983, the structure had deteriorated considerably: a roughly circular, saucer-shaped area of around 40 metres in diameter, with a very low earthen bank best preserved on the north-east to east arc, reduced to a scarp on the south-east to south-west side, and with only faint traces of the fosse remaining on the north-east to south-east section. By that point, there were no surface remains visible of the levelled monument itself, and subsequent aerial photography has produced only a barely discernible cropmark, the kind of ghostly outline that appears in dry summers when buried features affect how grass grows above them.

There is little for a visitor to observe on the ground today. The value of a site like this lies less in what can be seen than in what the sequence of maps and survey notes reveals: a monument that was still a physical presence in the early nineteenth century, was quietly disappearing by the early twentieth, and was almost gone by the time anyone thought to formally describe it.

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Pete F
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