Ringfort (Rath), Johnstown, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Ringforts
What survives of this early medieval enclosure near Johnstown in County Westmeath is, in honesty, not much, and that partial survival is itself a kind of record.
The site is a bivallate ringfort, meaning it was originally defended by two concentric earthen banks with a fosse, or ditch, running between them. Ringforts of this type were typically used as enclosed farmsteads during the early medieval period, roughly the fifth to twelfth centuries, and the double-bank arrangement would have signalled a degree of status or the need for additional security. This one measures approximately fifty metres north to south and forty-five metres east to west, which puts it on the larger end of the scale for such monuments.
The condition of the site tells its own story. The inner bank has been levelled along its western to northern arc, and the fosse between the two banks has been almost completely infilled. The outer bank fares little better, having been levelled across the north-eastern to south-western sweep. More dramatically, the monument has been disturbed by several large quarry holes, intrusions that have broken through the earthworks and into the interior. Lough Adeel lies roughly 890 metres to the east, and another ringfort sits just 100 metres away, a reminder that such sites rarely occur in complete isolation; clusters of enclosures in the Irish midlands often reflect long-term patterns of farming and settlement in landscapes that were continuously reused across centuries.
The earthworks are set within grassland, which at least keeps the outlines readable underfoot, even where the banks have been reduced nearly to nothing. A visitor willing to walk the circuit and read the ground carefully can still trace the rough oval of the enclosure and pick out where the fosse once ran, despite the infilling. The quarry disturbances are the more disorienting element, and they give the interior an uneven, broken character that makes it harder to picture the original form.