Ringfort (Rath), Kilbane, Co. Limerick

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Kilbane, Co. Limerick

Surrounded on most sides by suburban housing, a small patch of undeveloped ground beside School House Road in Kilbane, County Limerick, preserves something considerably older than anything around it.

Marooned in the encroaching development like a geological afterthought, this ringfort has quietly outlasted the centuries, its circular form still readable in the landscape despite everything that has grown up around it.

A ringfort, or rath, is the most common early medieval monument type in Ireland, typically a circular enclosed settlement defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches, used for farming and habitation roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. This particular example was recorded on the revised 1938 edition of the Ordnance Survey 25-inch map as a circular area measuring approximately 43 metres on its northeast to southwest axis and 41 metres northwest to southeast. A formal description compiled in 1996 gives the monument a diameter of around 40 metres, with a flat-topped profile defined by a scarp, meaning an earthen slope or edge, ranging from 1.15 to 1.6 metres in height. Beyond that, there is a partially infilled outer fosse, which is essentially a ditch, and to the north there is a suggestion of a counterscarp, an outer bank on the far side of the fosse, measuring around 10 metres in width. The site was compiled as part of a survey record by Alison McQueen and Vera Rahilly, uploaded in June 2020, and remained visible as a distinct circular shape on aerial orthophotography from Digital Globe between 2011 and 2013, and again on Google Earth imagery taken in November 2019.

The site abuts School House Road and sits on a gently undulating southwest-facing slope. Because it is surrounded by housing and occupies a small greenfield area, it is easy to pass without noticing, though from aerial imagery the circular outline is relatively clear. Those approaching on foot should look for the slight but definite rise in the ground that marks the scarp, and pay attention to the northern edge where the counterscarp may still be faintly traceable. The partially infilled fosse means the outer boundary is less distinct than it once was, but the flat-topped interior and the encircling earthwork are legible enough to give a real sense of the original enclosed space.

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