Ringfort (Rath), Kilbaylet, Co. Wicklow

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Kilbaylet, Co. Wicklow

What is unusual about the ringfort at Kilbaylet is not the earthwork itself, common enough across the Irish midlands and east, but the fact that it comes with a companion.

Roughly thirty metres to the north-east lies a second ringfort, the two sitting in proximity close enough to suggest they were never really strangers. Ringforts, sometimes called raths, are roughly circular enclosures formed by an earthen bank and an outer ditch, known as a fosse, and were the standard form of enclosed farmstead in early medieval Ireland, roughly from the fifth to the twelfth centuries. They were places where families lived, kept livestock, and managed small agricultural territories. Finding two in such near alignment raises quiet questions about how the land here was divided and held.

The Kilbaylet example sits at the south-western end of a low ridge, with the ground falling away more sharply to the east and south towards the marshy floor of Dolls Brook. The enclosure itself is oval, measuring approximately thirty-five metres on its north-east to south-west axis and twenty-five metres across, defined by an earthen bank set on a slight raised platform and accompanied by an external fosse. A narrow entrance gap, just a metre wide, opens at the north, and inside it a shallow internal fosse cuts across a small portion of the interior, an arrangement that would have made entry more deliberate and controlled. Several large hollows also survive within the enclosure, their origin not specified but possibly the traces of structures or later disturbance. Attached to the south-west is a subrectangular annexe, a secondary enclosure roughly fourteen and a half by eighteen metres, separated from the main ringfort by an unbroken stretch of bank. A gap on the south-east side of the annexe appears to have served as its entrance. Part of the annexe's defining features have been lost where a road runs close by.

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