Ringfort (Rath), Kilbride, Co. Mayo
Co. Mayo |
Ringforts
On the eastern edge of Swinford, a low oval rise in a pasture field turns out to be something considerably older than its surroundings.
A rath, or ringfort, a type of enclosed farmstead typically built during the early medieval period, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries, sits here quietly degrading, its concentric earthworks still legible beneath the rushes, yellow flag, and a dense perimeter of hawthorn, hazel, brambles, and gorse. What makes this one quietly compelling is partly its survival in a working agricultural landscape, and partly the sheer legibility of its layout once you know what to look for.
The enclosure measures roughly 52 metres north to south and 46 metres east to west. It consists of an inner earthen bank, a fosse (a defensive ditch dug around the enclosure), and an outer bank beyond that, the whole arrangement being a fairly complete example of a multivallate rath, one with more than a single line of earthwork defence. The inner bank retains a substantial external slope, standing between 2.2 and 2.5 metres high on that face, though it has been considerably reduced on the eastern interior side. The fosse remains well defined for most of its circuit, silting up only towards the north-northeast. The outer bank is considerably more worn, and along the southern arc it has been absorbed into or cut by a field boundary that, interestingly, follows the curve of the enclosure rather than cutting across it. On the east side, where the banks are at their lowest, a two-metre gap in the inner bank and a corresponding four-metre gap in the outer bank may represent the original entrance, with the faint trace of a causeway across the fosse still visible, though cattle traffic has worn it significantly. The interior itself rises to a flat-topped central platform roughly 23 by 19 metres, dropping away by over a metre towards the inner bank at the north. A corrugated iron cattle shelter has been erected against a surviving section of vertical stone facing on the inner edge of the fosse at the southeast, the ancient stonework repurposed, without ceremony, for livestock. There is a second rath approximately 155 metres to the southeast, and an enclosure of some kind on the ridge about 250 metres to the southwest, suggesting this was once a more densely occupied corner of the Mayo landscape than its current pastoral quiet implies.