Ringfort (Rath), Kilbride, Co. Mayo

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Ringfort (Rath), Kilbride, Co. Mayo

A field wall that curves with unusual precision around an ancient earthwork is often the first sign that something older lies beneath the agricultural landscape of rural Ireland.

At Kilbride in County Mayo, a rath, the most common type of early medieval enclosure in Ireland, typically a raised circular area ringed by an earthen bank and ditch that once defined a farmstead or small settlement, sits quietly in low-lying pasture on a gentle rise. What makes this one worth a second look is the way later generations have negotiated with it rather than erased it. The rath's own degraded bank, at its western side still rising to 1.6 metres externally, has been pressed into service as a field boundary, with internal stone facing added to shore up the curve. The enclosure has been absorbed into the working landscape without being forgotten.

The rath measures roughly 37 metres north to south and 36 metres east to west, its perimeter still traced by hawthorn and blackthorn, the traditional hedgerow species that frequently mark the edges of such sites across the country. The bank is dilapidated in places, reduced in much of its circuit to a low stony lip, with considerable tumble of stone on the outer slope at the south-west. A break of around three metres at the north-east may represent an original entrance. Tantalising traces of a fosse, the external ditch that would originally have accompanied the bank, may survive in two places: a curving drystone field wall set 2.5 metres out from the scarp on the south-west and west may preserve its line, while a slight depression on the north-west to north also hints at where the ditch once ran. The interior has been bisected by a later field wall and carries a shallow dip in its south-western quadrant. Seventy metres to the south-south-west lies a cashel, a stone-built enclosure of comparable type, suggesting this small corner of Mayo once held a cluster of early settlement activity rather than a single isolated site.

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