Ringfort (Rath), Kilcolman, Co. Kerry

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Kilcolman, Co. Kerry

A broad earthen ring rising out of boggy ground in north Kerry, this rath at Kilcolman commands views in every direction, which is precisely the point.

Ringforts, known in Irish as raths when they are earthwork rather than stone constructions, were the primary settlement form of early medieval Ireland, serving as enclosed farmsteads for a single family or small household. This one sits on gently sloping land that would once have made any approaching visitor visible long before they arrived.

The enclosure is roughly circular, measuring 32 metres north to south and 31 metres east to west, making it a fairly substantial example of a univallate rath, meaning it has a single line of defences rather than the double or triple rings associated with higher-status sites. That single circuit is still impressively legible: the earthen bank rises 2.5 metres on its outer face and 1.5 metres on the interior, with an average base width of around 6 metres. Running alongside it is the fosse, the external ditch from which the bank material was originally dug, surviving at between 2 and 3.5 metres wide and sitting roughly 0.6 metres below the level of the surrounding land. The fosse disappears only along the southern and south-western arc. A gap of about 3 metres on the northern side almost certainly marks the position of the original entrance, a feature commonly found on the leeward side of Irish raths, facing away from prevailing Atlantic weather.

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