Ringfort (Rath), Killedan, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Killedan, Co. Mayo

A ringfort, or rath, is an early medieval enclosed settlement, typically circular and defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches, built to protect a farmstead and its inhabitants.

This one in Killedan, County Mayo, occupies a hillock at the south-eastern end of a ridge, commanding views in every direction from its fern-grown platform. What makes it quietly curious is not just its age but the second life it was given, centuries after whatever family it once sheltered had gone. At some point, someone decided this ancient earthwork made a fine ornamental feature, planted it with beech trees, and folded it into the landscaping of a nearby estate.

The rath itself is a broadly oval platform, roughly 24.7 metres north to south and 20 metres east to west, defined by a substantial scarp that rises to nearly 2.8 metres on its west-south-western side. The natural fall of the ground on the north-east to south-east arc does some of the defensive work that elsewhere would have been done by digging. There may once have been an outer enclosing element on the northern side, though what survives is only a faint undulation in the ground, and its origins remain uncertain. Encircling the base of the hillock, set 10 to 20 metres downslope of the rath itself, is a ditch and external bank that follow the contour of the hill on the northern and north-western sides. These are almost certainly not prehistoric. The evidence points to their construction in the late eighteenth or nineteenth century, when the site formed part of the estate of Killedan House, a farmhouse located about 250 metres to the south-east, and the hillock was being shaped into something a landlord could look at pleasurably from his grounds.

Inside the rath, the surface is gently domed and slopes away to the south-west. There are several shallow hollows, including an oblong depression near the north-east of centre roughly 4.8 metres long, a smaller hollow a few metres to its south, and a third in the south-west quadrant now partly occupied by a fallen tree trunk. No entrance survives in any obvious form, though the ground on the south to south-east side falls away a little more gradually than elsewhere, which may be where people once passed in and out. Immediately to the south-east, dug into the hillslope, is a quarry pit around 10 to 12 metres in diameter, a reminder that the hill was also a practical resource, not merely a romantic one.

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