Ringfort (Rath), Kilmacanearla North, Co. Limerick

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Kilmacanearla North, Co. Limerick

A causeway nearly six metres wide leads into a space that has been enclosed, lived in, and quietly forgotten for more than a thousand years.

The ringfort at Kilmacanearla North in County Limerick sits in ordinary farmland pasture on a break in a north-facing slope, its roughly circular interior measuring about 38.5 metres from north to south and 35 metres from east to west. What makes it worth pausing over is the combination of defences that survives: an earthen bank, a fosse, and a scarped edge, each playing a slightly different role in the same system of enclosure.

Ringforts, sometimes called raths when constructed from earth rather than stone, were the most common form of enclosed settlement in early medieval Ireland, typically serving as the fortified farmsteads of farming families between roughly the fifth and twelfth centuries. The one at Kilmacanearla North preserves its original entrance on the east-south-east side, where a causeway crosses the external fosse, a shallow ditch nearly a metre deep and two and a half metres wide, which runs around the south and east of the site. The bank itself rises just under a metre on the interior but reaches 2.2 metres on the outer face. On the north-north-west to east-south-east arc, where the fosse gives way, a scarped edge, essentially a cut into the natural slope, takes over the work of defining the boundary. The interior slopes gently down towards the east and carries, just west of centre, a deciduous tree surrounded by a dump of stones cleared from the surrounding fields. Denis Power, who compiled the site record, noted that field boundaries visible abutting the enclosure on the 1924 Ordnance Survey six-inch map have since been removed, which most likely explains further dumps of earthen material now visible immediately outside the enclosure to the west and north-west.

The site sits in working pasture, so access may depend on the cooperation of the landowner. The defences are clearest when vegetation is low, and aerial photographs taken in early March 2006 as part of the Archaeological Survey of Ireland show how legible the earthworks remain from above even when they are easy to overlook at ground level. The causeway entrance at the east-south-east is the most structurally distinct feature on approach, and the contrast between the modest internal bank height and the much more imposing external face is worth walking around rather than simply standing in the middle to appreciate.

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