Ringfort (Rath), Kilmacnevan, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Ringforts
In County Westmeath, on a gentle rise above undulating grassland, there is a ringfort that no longer exists, at least not in any form the eye can register.
The site at Kilmacnevan was recorded and then erased almost simultaneously, levelled between 1972 and 1973, within a year or two of being properly described. What survives is only the description itself, a kind of ghost outline of something that was already fading when surveyors first noted it down.
A ringfort, sometimes called a rath, is a roughly circular enclosure defined by an earthen bank and, often, a shallow external ditch known as a fosse. They are among the most common field monuments in Ireland, typically associated with early medieval farming settlements, places where a family kept livestock and lived within a defined boundary. The example at Kilmacnevan was modest in scale, roughly 23 metres north to south and 20 metres east to west, sub-circular in shape, with an entrance gap of about 3.8 metres on the south-west side. Even in 1972 the bank was poorly preserved, already levelled along its southern and northern stretches. What made the interior particularly legible was the arrangement within it: a rectangular house site occupied much of the central space, with four low banks radiating outward from it towards the perimeter at the south-west, north-west, east-north-east and north-east. This kind of internal structure, a domestic building set within its enclosure and connected to the boundary by low dividing banks, gives a clear sense of how such a space was organised and used. The site sat on a natural rise with open views to the south-east, south-west and north-west, a position typical of these monuments, which were often placed to command the surrounding landscape without quite dominating it. A second ringfort survives 75 metres to the east. By the time aerial photography captured the area again in November 2011, nothing of the Kilmacnevan site remained visible on the ground.
