Ringfort (Rath), Knockalassa, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Knockalassa, Co. Mayo

On an east-facing hillside in Knockalassa, County Mayo, a roughly circular enclosure sits quietly in the landscape, its low earthen bank still tracing the outline of a settlement that is likely over a thousand years old.

The site measures approximately 45 metres north to south and 40.5 metres east to west, making it a reasonably substantial example of a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, which was the most common form of rural settlement in early medieval Ireland. These enclosures, built from earth rather than stone in this case, typically defined a farmstead where a family would have kept livestock, stored food, and gone about the ordinary business of agricultural life.

The bank survives to a modest height of around 0.4 metres, with an external fosse, essentially a surrounding ditch, running from south to north and still measurable at about 0.3 metres deep. A gap in the bank on the south-east side likely marks the original entrance. What makes this particular site somewhat more intriguing than its unassuming profile suggests is the presence of a souterrain in the south-west of the enclosure. A souterrain is an underground stone-lined passage or chamber, built into ringforts across Ireland and thought to have served as a place of refuge, storage, or both. Their construction required considerable effort, and their presence often signals a site of some domestic importance. The details here come from a 1994 archaeological survey of Ballinrobe and the surrounding district, compiled by D. Lavelle for the Lough Mask and Lough Carra Tourist Development Association, which recorded this site as entry number 178.

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