Ringfort (Rath), Knocknoran, Co. Wexford

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Knocknoran, Co. Wexford

At Knocknoran in County Wexford, there is a ringfort that cannot be seen by standing in the field.

No earthen banks rise from the ground, no obvious ditches break the surface. The site exists, for practical purposes, only from the air, where faint cropmarks trace the ghost of a circular enclosure roughly thirty metres across. Cropmarks appear when buried features, such as the filled-in ditches of ancient settlements, cause the vegetation or soil above them to respond differently to dry conditions, producing subtle colour variations that aerial photography can capture even when nothing is visible at ground level.

What the photographs reveal is a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, a class of enclosed farmstead built predominantly between the early medieval period and around 1000 AD. A single fosse, or ditch, defines the main circular feature, suggesting a relatively modest enclosure rather than one of the more elaborate multivallate examples found elsewhere in the country. More unusual is the addition attached to the south-east: a crescent-shaped enclosure, oriented roughly thirty-five metres on its north-east to south-west axis and about fifteen metres across the shorter span. This kind of annexe, sometimes interpreted as a stock enclosure or subsidiary working area, is not uncommon in Irish ringfort archaeology, but its crescent form here gives the overall plan an irregular, almost lopsided quality that sets it apart from the standard circular type. The site sits on level ground, which would have made it an unremarkable-looking location to choose, though level, well-drained land was often exactly what early medieval farmers sought.

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