Ringfort (Rath), Lisnagry, Co. Galway

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Lisnagry, Co. Galway

In a Galway field, an oval earthwork sits quietly in the grass, its banks and surrounding ditch still legible after well over a thousand years.

It measures roughly forty metres on its longer axis and thirty on the shorter, an unassuming oval that would be easy to walk past without registering what it actually is: the remains of a rath, the most common type of enclosed settlement in early medieval Ireland.

Raths, sometimes called ringforts, were typically built between around 500 and 1000 AD as farmsteads for individual families or small communities. The defining features were a raised earthen bank, known as the rampart, and an external fosse, which is simply a ditch dug to provide the material for that bank. This example preserves both. An entrance gap survives at the north-north-east, which is where the original occupants would have moved livestock in and out, and a field boundary has been laid along the outer edge of the fosse on the western side, suggesting that later farming activity worked around the monument rather than through it. Perhaps the most intriguing detail is a linear depression in the north-west quadrant of the interior, which may indicate a souterrain beneath the surface. Souterrains are underground stone-lined passages or chambers, common features within ringforts, thought to have served as cool storage for dairy produce, as places of refuge, or both. This one has not been excavated, so its nature remains uncertain.

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