Ringfort (Rath), Lissavahaun, Co. Galway

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Ringfort (Rath), Lissavahaun, Co. Galway

In a field in North Galway, local memory has preserved the name "fort field" for a place where there is, visibly, no fort.

The grassland is undulating, a disused quarry breaks the surface, and that is about all a visitor would notice. Yet this unremarkable patch of ground once held something considerably more complex: not one but two contiguous oval enclosures, side by side in the landscape.

A rath is an earthen ringfort, the kind of enclosed homestead built across Ireland during the early medieval period, typically defined by one or more circular or oval banks and ditches. At Lissavahaun, the arrangement was unusual in that two such enclosures sat directly alongside each other. The first edition of the Ordnance Survey six-inch map, which captured the Irish landscape in remarkable detail during the nineteenth century, recorded the northern enclosure at roughly 25 metres by 20 metres, and the southern one at approximately 30 metres by 25 metres. Even at that point, the site was already under pressure: the same map shows an irregular quarry pit cutting into the area between the two enclosures and partially overlying both. The quarrying continued, and by the time modern surveyors came to examine the site, no surface trace of either enclosure survived. The quarry that erased them is now itself disused, sitting quietly over what had been a paired settlement. The field name alone persists, carried forward in local usage long after the physical remains disappeared, which is itself a small archaeological fact of a different kind.

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Pete F
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