Ringfort (Rath), Lissowen, Co. Limerick

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Lissowen, Co. Limerick

There is a ringfort in Lissowen, County Limerick, that does not appear on any Ordnance Survey map.

It has no visible bank, no obvious earthwork, and nothing on the ground that would tell a passing walker they were standing inside an early medieval settlement enclosure. The only reason anyone knows it exists at all is because, from the air, crops grow differently where the buried remains lie beneath the soil.

A ringfort, sometimes called a rath, is a roughly circular enclosed settlement, typically dating from the early medieval period in Ireland, defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches. Most are visible features in the landscape. This one is not. It was identified in 2003 by the Archaeological Survey of Ireland, which spotted a circular-shaped feature on aerial photography. Later satellite imagery confirmed what that first photograph suggested: Digital Globe orthophotos taken between 2011 and 2013, and Google Earth images captured in November 2018, both show a circular cropmark measuring approximately 40 metres east to west and 38 metres north to south. A cropmark forms when buried features, such as the filled-in ditches of an ancient enclosure, cause the vegetation above them to grow at a different rate or colour to the surrounding field, making the underlying archaeology briefly legible from altitude. The site sits in undulating pasture, with the townland boundary of Toomaline Upper immediately to the south, a second enclosure roughly 85 metres to the north-west, and a place called Tobergal, likely a holy well site, around 80 metres to the west. It was compiled into the record by Alison McQueen and Vera Rahilly, with the entry uploaded in July 2020.

Because the monument is a cropmark feature with no surface expression, there is genuinely little for a visitor to see at ground level. The field itself is working pasture. The cropmark is only visible under particular conditions, typically in dry summers when soil moisture differences become apparent in the growth of grass or grain above buried features. Anyone with a serious interest would do better to examine the Google Earth orthoimages cited in the record than to expect anything obvious underfoot. What makes the site worth knowing about is precisely that invisibility, a settled, enclosed community from over a thousand years ago, still legible to a satellite but undetectable to the person standing on top of it.

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Pete F
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