Ringfort (Rath), Mountaincommon, Co. Mayo
Co. Mayo |
Ringforts
In a field at Mountaincommon in County Mayo, the faint ghost of an early medieval enclosure survives despite the best efforts of twentieth-century land reclamation to erase it entirely.
What remains is little more than a slight rise in the pasture, a shallow depression where a fosse once ran, and the ghost of an outer bank, but these subtle contours trace the outline of a roughly circular enclosure measuring some 55.5 metres in diameter. The land has been smoothed and the surrounding field boundaries levelled, yet the underlying shape persists, legible to anyone who knows what they are looking for.
A rath is a ringfort, the most common type of monument in the Irish countryside, typically consisting of a circular area enclosed by one or more earthen banks and ditches. They were built and used mainly in the early medieval period, between roughly the fifth and twelfth centuries, and served as farmsteads for families of varying social rank. This particular example occupies an uncertain position in the record. It does not appear on the first edition Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1838, which suggests it was either already degraded by that point or simply overlooked. By the 1916 edition of the same map it had been recorded as a penannular field enclosure, open to the east, with field boundaries radiating outward to the south-east, south-west, north-west, and north-east. That radiating pattern of boundaries is itself suggestive; field systems that fan out from a central enclosure are a familiar feature of the Irish landscape and often reflect centuries of agricultural organisation around an earlier settlement nucleus. An aerial photograph corroborates the 1916 mapping, capturing the site before reclamation removed its physical fabric.
What makes the location quietly striking is not this one erased enclosure but its neighbourhood. A further rath lies 145 metres to the west, and another stands 280 metres to the east, making this a small cluster of related monuments in gently undulating pasture. Such groupings are not uncommon in Ireland, where suitable ground was settled repeatedly and the boundaries of one generation's farmstead could influence where the next chose to build, but they are rarely obvious from ground level. Here, with the enclosures themselves largely gone, the clustering is something you would know about only if you had already been looking.