Ringfort (Rath), Moygrehan, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Ringforts
On a round-topped hillock on the south-facing slope of a small kidney-shaped ridge in County Westmeath, an early medieval ringfort has been quietly sharing its interior with the infrastructure of a much later industry.
Built into the south-western quadrant of the earthwork is a lime kiln, a stone-built furnace used to burn limestone and produce quicklime for agricultural use, which was already present when the first edition of the Ordnance Survey six-inch map was published in 1837. That a kiln was tucked into the structure of a monument many centuries its senior tells you something about how these earthworks were regarded in post-medieval rural Ireland: as convenient, ready-made features of the landscape rather than protected antiquities.
The ringfort itself is sub-circular in plan, measuring approximately 32 metres north to south and 35 metres east to west. It is enclosed by two earthen banks with an intervening fosse, a fosse being a ditch dug to reinforce the defensive or boundary function of the bank above it, and an additional external fosse beyond the outer bank. This double-banked arrangement, known as a bivallate rath, would have been a more substantial enclosure than the simpler single-banked examples that make up the majority of Ireland's ringfort record. The interior carries traces of cultivation ridges running east to west, suggesting the enclosed ground was put to agricultural use at some point after the ringfort ceased to function as a settlement. The 1837 Ordnance Survey map also records a roadway running east to west across the southern perimeter of the monument, another layer of later activity cutting through the original form. Post-1700 quarrying associated with the lime kiln has disturbed the site further, so what survives today is a palimpsest: an early medieval enclosure that has been mined, farmed, and routed through by successive generations with more pressing concerns than preservation.