Ringfort (Rath), Mullaghawny, Co. Mayo
Co. Mayo |
Ringforts
In the hazel and hawthorn scrub above the Owenrevagh River valley in County Mayo, an early medieval ringfort has been quietly absorbing the landscape around it for well over a thousand years.
What makes this particular example quietly strange is how thoroughly the later farming world has folded itself into it. The outer bank of the rath, a raised earthwork enclosure of the kind built across Ireland from roughly the early centuries AD through to the early medieval period, has been pressed into service as a field boundary, its ancient profile altered and extended by drystone walls, most of them now tumbled, that were laid along its inner face. The line between archaeological monument and working farmland blurs here in a way that is unusually legible.
The rath sits at the top of an east-facing slope, 75 metres above the river bank, with Ballymore Lough, the source of the Owenrevagh, lying roughly 500 metres to the east. It is a large example, measuring approximately 32 metres northwest to southeast and 36 metres northeast to southwest. It appears to have been bivallate, meaning it was originally enclosed by two concentric banks rather than one, a configuration sometimes associated with higher-status settlements. Between the inner scarp and the outer bank there is a gap that likely represents a silted or overgrown fosse, the ditch that would originally have separated the two. The outer bank itself changes character as it arcs around the site: most substantial on the southwest, where it reaches 5.6 metres in width and retains traces of stone facing, it becomes narrower and less formal toward the north, where drystone modification is most evident. The natural topography has done some of the work too. On the southeast, the inner scarp drops a full 3.35 metres, but this owes as much to the abrupt natural fall of the hillside as to any deliberate construction. At the centre, a slightly raised oval platform, about 14 by 17 metres, sits higher than the surrounding interior, most likely because the builders chose or adapted a natural rise as their core area. That interior is now scattered with boulders and heaps of small stones, accumulated from centuries of clearance, collapse, or both. The dense growth of hazel and hawthorn that now covers the whole site makes any precise reading of the original form genuinely difficult to achieve.