Ringfort (Rath), Na Grafaí, Co. Kerry

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Na Grafaí, Co. Kerry

Built into the northern inner face of this ringfort's enclosing bank is something that does not quite fit the expected picture: the gable end of a rectangular house, 3.4 metres wide and 2 metres high, with the stub of a side wall running westward along low foundations for over fourteen metres.

A rath, to give it its Irish term, is a roughly circular earthen enclosure used as a farmstead during the early medieval period, typically between the fifth and twelfth centuries. Most survive as grassy banks surrounding an open interior. This one, on the southern slopes of Beenmore in Na Grafaí, holds that additional domestic remnant pressed against its own perimeter, suggesting the site was adapted and reused at some point after its original construction.

The rath itself is a univallate example, meaning it has a single enclosing bank rather than the double or triple rings seen at higher-status sites. The earthen bank survives to a height of 2.5 metres and is roughly 3.4 metres wide; an external fosse, the defensive ditch that once ran around the outside, is still traceable, though shallow at around 0.75 metres deep. What makes this particular site more layered is the drystone revetment walling, dry-laid stonework used to face and stabilise an earthen structure, visible along much of the inner face of the bank to a height of 1.5 metres. Whether this stonework is original to the ringfort's construction or a later addition is uncertain, but the possibility that it dates to the site's first use gives it an extra point of interest. The enclosure overlooks the flat, marshy plain drained by the Feohanagh river and its tributaries, and an entrance gap is discernible at the east-north-east. The site was recorded and described in J. Cuppage's 1986 Dingle Peninsula archaeological survey of Corca Dhuibhne.

The rath abuts a road to the north, and a short section of the fosse is visible along the road verge, outside the field boundary proper. A drystone revetment along the outer face of the bank in the south-west sector includes what appears to be a ramp or path running below the crest, where a later field boundary system has been integrated into the ancient earthwork. The palimpsest quality of the place, old enclosure, possible original stonework, built-in house ruins, and later field walls all occupying the same ground, is what repays a careful look.

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