Ringfort (Rath), Pallasbeg, Co. Limerick

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Pallasbeg, Co. Limerick

Most ringforts announce themselves with some confidence, a raised circular mound breaking the horizon, ditches still sharp after a millennium and a half of Irish weather.

The one at Pallasbeg, in County Limerick, is quieter than that. Set in damp, level pasture, its banks have been levelled to the point where the site rewards close attention rather than a glance from the road. What makes it worth that attention is the evidence, once you start reading the ground carefully, of a more elaborate defensive arrangement than the flattened profile might suggest.

A ringfort, or rath, is essentially a circular enclosure defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches, built during the early medieval period in Ireland, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries, as a farmstead or high-status residence. The Pallasbeg example measures eighteen metres in diameter internally, with the remains of a bank some 7.75 metres wide that still stands about 1.5 metres above the level of the outer ground surface, even in its present worn state. A fosse, the technical term for a defensive ditch, runs around the outside of this inner bank, measuring over six and a half metres wide, though now quite shallow. More intriguing is the possible causewayed entrance on the north-northwest to north-northeast side, a gap approximately eight metres across that may have formed the original access point across the ditch. Beyond the inner circuit, a second, outer bank with its own fosse is traceable across the eastern to southwestern arc of the site, suggesting a bivallate arrangement, that is, a ringfort with two concentric lines of earthwork, a feature sometimes associated with higher-status occupation. This outer bank and ditch are largely obscured by dense scrub vegetation, which both conceals and inadvertently protects the underlying earthworks. The site was recorded by Denis Power and uploaded to the archaeological record in December 2013.

The site sits in working pasture, so access depends on the usual courtesies of the Irish countryside, checking ownership and seeking permission before crossing any field boundary. The ground is described as damp, and level pasture in Limerick tends to hold water through autumn and winter, so stout footwear is sensible for much of the year. Once on site, the interior is grass-covered and relatively clear, but the outer bank is where patience pays off; working around the ESE to SW arc and peering into the scrub at the edges gives a better sense of the double-circuit plan than the interior alone would suggest.

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