Ringfort (Rath), Pollnamal, Co. Galway

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Pollnamal, Co. Galway

Beneath a working farmyard in Pollnamal, Co. Galway, there lies a ringfort that exists now only on paper.

Marked on the first edition Ordnance Survey six-inch maps as a subcircular enclosure measuring roughly 40 metres north to south, the site has been completely levelled; no trace of its earthworks survives above ground. In its place stand a silage pit and farm outbuildings, the ordinary infrastructure of modern agricultural life sitting atop what was once, almost certainly, the enclosed homestead of an early medieval farming family.

Ringforts, known in Irish as raths when formed from earthen banks and ditches, were the most common form of rural settlement in Ireland from roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries. Tens of thousands of them once dotted the landscape, and a great many have been lost to exactly the kind of gradual encroachment visible here. What makes the Pollnamal site quietly interesting, beyond the fact of its disappearance, is what survives nearby. A limekiln, shown on the same first-edition Ordnance Survey map running along the ringfort's northern boundary, is still intact. A limekiln is a stone or brick-built furnace used to burn limestone and produce quicklime, essential for fertilising fields and mortaring walls; this one has outlasted the ancient monument it once neighboured. The site also has an associated collapsed burial ground, a CBG in the shorthand of archaeological classification, hinting that the area carried ritual or communal significance beyond simple domestic occupation.

There is nothing to see at the ringfort itself, and that is rather the point. The pastureland rolls gently around a farmyard that gives no outward sign of what lies beneath it. The limekiln along the northern edge is the one legible remnant, a functional piece of post-medieval rural industry that the maps and the ground both agree upon.

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Pete F
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