Ringfort (Rath), Raheennamadra, Co. Limerick

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Raheennamadra, Co. Limerick

On the summit of Knockaunatarriff, a modest hill rising to 444 feet in County Limerick, a circular earthwork sits in open pasture with two ancient mounds close to its south-west and a standing stone not far to its north-east.

The clustering is what catches the attention. Ringforts, or raths, are roughly circular enclosures formed by earthen banks and ditches, built predominantly during the early medieval period as farmstead enclosures, and Ireland has tens of thousands of them. What gives this one a quiet interest is the company it keeps and the way successive observers across more than a century have each captured something slightly different about it.

The earliest cartographic record comes from the 1840 Ordnance Survey six-inch map, which shows a raised oval platform defined by a scarp. By the 1897 twenty-five-inch edition, surveyors recorded a roughly D-shaped platform measuring approximately 26 metres north to south and 29 metres east to west, enclosed by a fosse, a defensive ditch, running from the south-east around through the south and west to the north-west. The antiquarian Thomas Westropp, writing between 1917 and 1919, described it as a small round platform fort about 18 metres across and 1.5 metres high, with a fosse some 3.6 metres wide to the south, west, and north, and a trace of an outer ring to the south-east. Decades later, in 1960, the archaeologist Mårten Stenberger surveyed it as part of a broader study, recording a circular platform of roughly 30 metres diameter with an enclosing fosse just under a metre deep. More recently, aerial and satellite imagery from between 2011 and 2018 has revealed something additional: linear cropmarks running north-east to south-west that intersect the monument, along with rectangular earthworks to the north that may represent the ghost of an associated field system.

The site sits in agricultural land, so access requires care and appropriate permissions from the landowner. Because the monument is a low earthwork in a grass field rather than a dramatic ruin, it rewards a slow approach and a bit of patience. The raised platform and the curving line of the fosse are easier to read when the grass is short or the light is raking and low, conditions more common in late autumn or winter. Those aerial photographs taken in October 2002 and January 2003 by the Archaeological Survey of Ireland give some sense of how the monument reads from above; at ground level, walking the perimeter of the scarp gives the best sense of its scale and the slight but deliberate elevation of the enclosure above the surrounding pasture.

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Pete F
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