Ringfort (Rath), Rahoonbeak, Co. Kildare
Co. Kildare |
Ringforts
Some archaeological sites disappear slowly, eroded by centuries of weather and ploughing. The ringfort at Rahoonbeak, in County Kildare, vanished with unusual speed and deliberateness, eaten away by road contractors who wanted its material, then finished off by a sand and gravel quarry. What had once been a substantial earthwork is now flat tillage land, leaving almost nothing for a visitor to see and very little for the record beyond a sequence of maps that chart an absence taking shape.
The 1839 Ordnance Survey six-inch map recorded a large circular enclosure with an estimated maximum diameter of around 70 metres, a significant size for a rath, the type of enclosed farmstead built in Ireland largely during the early medieval period, typically consisting of one or more earthen banks and ditches surrounding a domestic interior. The fort sat on top of an eskar, one of the long, winding ridges of sand and gravel deposited by meltwater streams beneath glaciers during the last Ice Age. It was precisely this geological foundation that sealed its fate. Writing between 1899 and 1902, a historian named Fitzgerald noted the rath was of large proportions, and added a pointed observation: the eskar on which it stood was at that moment being demolished by road contractors for the sake of its material. By the time the 1910 edition of the same Ordnance Survey map was published, only the eastern half of the monument survived, now named Rathowenbeg on the map, with a quarry marked to the west. By 1972, a large sand and gravel operation occupied the whole site. The land was later reclaimed and returned to agriculture.
The eskar material that made the site archaeologically interesting was the same material that made it commercially useful, and the two uses proved incompatible. Fitzgerald's remark catches the monument at the exact moment of its destruction, which gives his account an accidental documentary value. The sequence from complete enclosure in 1839, to partial survival in 1910, to quarry in 1972, to level field today is a precise, dateable record of how an ancient landscape feature can be thoroughly and legally erased within a single century.
