Ringfort (Rath), Rathbennett, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Ringforts
On the northern slope of a hill in Rathbennett, County Westmeath, a roughly circular earthwork sits in a state of quiet deterioration, its form still legible in the landscape despite centuries of damage.
The site is a ringfort, the most common monument type in the Irish countryside, typically dating from the early medieval period and serving as a defended farmstead enclosure. What makes this particular example worth pausing over is the combination of its layered defences and the way it has been both eroded and, in places, inadvertently preserved by the agricultural activity that surrounded it.
When surveyors visited the site in 1980, they found a roughly circular earthwork bounded by an uneven scarp and a shallow fosse, that is, a ditch dug around the perimeter, with a low outer bank of earth running from east around to north. The interior, measuring approximately 29 metres across, was noticeably uneven, sloping towards the south-east. A return visit in 1981 added further detail: the interior diameter was recorded at roughly 32.5 metres north to south and 32 metres east to west, with the raised platform inside rising around 50 centimetres above the fosse on the southern and eastern sides. The fosse itself was between 3.5 and 4 metres wide. On the northern side, old field boundaries had cut into the bank and fosse, though they appeared for a time to have been laid out with some awareness of the older feature beneath them. By the 1981 visit those boundaries had been removed, leaving the northern and north-eastern sections of the earthwork in the worst condition of any part of the site. Surveyors also noted a possible faint outer fosse on the western side, approximately 3.5 metres wide, which would have helped separate the enclosure from the natural terrace to the west. No trace of an entrance was identified, and the interior showed no surviving evidence of house platforms or a souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage sometimes associated with ringforts and used for storage or refuge. Aerial photographs taken in 1966 show the monument clearly within a larger rectangular field enclosure, a relationship that hints at how the working landscape continued to organise itself around an older form it no longer fully understood.