Ringfort (Rath), Rathconrath, Co. Westmeath

Co. Westmeath |

Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Rathconrath, Co. Westmeath

On a low rise in the gently rolling pasture of County Westmeath, a ringfort sits with two concentric earthen banks still standing to a considerable height, separated by a fosse, a wide ditch, that retains a noticeably flat base.

Most ringforts, the circular enclosed farmsteads that served as the basic unit of rural settlement in early medieval Ireland, survive as a single bank and ditch. Having two substantial banks, making it bivallate, placed a site in a higher social tier, suggesting an occupant of some local consequence. What makes this one particularly arresting is how much of the original logic of the place remains readable: the entrance on the east side is intact, with a gap of seven metres across the inner bank, a narrower corresponding gap through the outer bank, and a causeway thrown across the fosse between them. Two large stones still partially block the outer gap, and the causeway itself appears to have been flanked by low banks on either side, giving the approach a formally defined character rather than a simple opening.

The site appears on an estate map of Rathconrath dating to 1776, which is among the earlier cartographic records of it, and again on the Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1837, where it is shown as a circular bivallate enclosure roughly 29 metres north to south and 26.5 metres east to west, with a structure marked at its centre. When surveyors examined it in detail between 1970 and 1972, the measurements came out somewhat larger, at approximately 37 metres by 31 metres, and the interior revealed a good deal more complexity. In the south-west quadrant there is a house site and a possible souterrain, an underground passage or chamber often used for storage or refuge, both still traceable on the ground. Internal banks also survive: one running north to south and another running east to west from the corner of the house site toward the entrance, suggesting the interior was at some point divided into distinct functional areas. Three large boulders sit in the fosse on the south-south-east side, their purpose or origin unrecorded. The inner bank retains stone facing on its interior face; the outer bank shows evidence of stone facing on both sides, which would have given the enclosure a more finished, deliberate appearance than the grassed-over mounds that greet a visitor today.

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