Ringfort (Rath), Rathdangan, Co. Wicklow
Co. Wicklow |
Ringforts
Most ringforts in Ireland are circular; this one near Rathdangan, in the quieter western reaches of County Wicklow, is oval.
That small departure from convention is worth pausing over. The enclosure measures roughly 60 metres on its longer northeast-to-southwest axis and 50 metres across, defined by an earthen bank somewhere between two and three metres wide and up to two metres high. What makes the construction particularly legible is the drystone wall-facing that lines both the inner and outer faces of the bank, a detail that would have given the whole thing a much more deliberate, finished appearance in its original state. On the western side, the facing has gone and only an unretained earthen remnant survives, which gives a useful sense of how the bank would have looked before its stonework was robbed or collapsed.
A ringfort, also sometimes called a rath, is essentially a defended farmstead of the early medieval period, broadly the fifth to twelfth centuries, in which a family and their livestock would have lived within a circular or near-circular enclosure. The bank here was never purely symbolic. An external fosse, a defensive ditch, is still traceable at the southeast, about two and a half metres wide, and a further and deeper stretch, around two metres deep, came to light during drainage works on the eastern side. Four gaps break the circuit of the bank; the one to the south, just over a metre wide, may be the original entrance, the point through which people and animals would have passed daily. The interior is level ground, and farm buildings now occupy the eastern half of it, which means the site has remained in agricultural use across many centuries, the contemporary structures sitting inside the same boundary that early medieval farmers raised.