Ringfort (Rath), Rickardstown, Co. Wexford

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Rickardstown, Co. Wexford

There is a ringfort in Rickardstown, County Wexford, that you could walk directly over without the faintest idea it was there.

No earthwork rises from the grass, no visible bank or hollow marks the ground. The site exists, for all practical purposes, only from the air.

What aerial photography reveals is a cropmark, a ghostly circle roughly 30 metres across, defined by a single continuous fosse. A fosse is a ditch, in this case the defensive trench that would once have enclosed a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort of the kind built and occupied throughout the early medieval period, broadly the fifth to twelfth centuries. Thousands of these enclosures survive across Ireland, many still legible as raised earthworks in the landscape. At Rickardstown, the fosse has been ploughed or eroded flat over the centuries, but the filled ditch retains just enough difference in soil composition to affect the crops growing above it. In dry summers, when shallow-rooted plants stress earlier over buried disturbance, that buried outline becomes faintly but unmistakably visible to a camera mounted on an oblique flight path. The site was recorded through photographs held in the Cambridge University Collection of Aerial Photography, where the ringfort appears on frames catalogued as AVK 71 and AVK 77.

The landscape around it is described as fairly level, which is itself a clue to why so little survives above ground. Flat, productive ground has always attracted the plough, and low-lying earthworks in such settings tend to disappear faster than those on slopes or marginal land. What remains is essentially a trace in the soil, preserved not in stone or turf but in the seasonal behaviour of grass and grain.

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