Ringfort (Rath), Riddlestown, Co. Limerick

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Riddlestown, Co. Limerick

A circular earthen enclosure sits quietly in pastureland at Riddlestown in County Limerick, occupying a south-east-facing slope with the low, worn profile of something very old that has been quietly absorbed into the working landscape around it.

This is a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, a type of enclosed farmstead built predominantly during the early medieval period, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. Thousands of them survive across Ireland, yet each one carries its own particular character, shaped by how the land has treated it and how successive generations of farmers have worked around or, in many cases, straight through it.

This example, recorded and compiled by Denis Power, measures 34 metres in diameter, enclosed by an earthen bank that still reads clearly in places despite considerable encroachment from the surrounding field system. The bank reaches an internal height of 0.9 metres and an external height of 1.9 metres, with its best-preserved section running along the southern arc. Along the northern to south-eastern stretch, it has been incorporated directly into a field boundary, with a low stone wall built along its top, making it difficult to read as an ancient feature at all. The outer fosse, a defensive ditch running around the outside of the bank, survives to a depth of 0.65 metres and a width of 2 metres along the south-east to north arc, though a later field boundary clips its outer edge between the south-east and south-west. A small counterscarp bank, the low ridge of earth on the far side of the fosse, remains just visible at the north-west. Two gaps in the main bank, at the west and south-south-east, likely represent original or early entrances into the enclosure.

The interior presents a challenge to anyone hoping to read the site closely. Briars and bushes have colonised the ground thoroughly, and the section of bank between west-north-west and north-east is completely masked by vegetation. The slope of the interior runs gently downward toward the south. Aerial photography taken in March 2006 as part of the Archaeological Survey of Ireland offers a clearer sense of the overall form than a ground-level visit is likely to provide. For anyone approaching on foot, the southern arc of the bank gives the most legible impression of the original structure, where the earthwork survives at its most complete and the relationship between the ancient enclosure and the modern field boundaries can be read with some patience.

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