Ringfort (Rath), Ross, Co. Mayo

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Ringfort (Rath), Ross, Co. Mayo

A ringfort sitting in a sheltered hollow rather than commanding a hilltop is already worth a second look.

Most raths, the earthen-banked enclosures built across Ireland roughly between the early medieval period and the early centuries of the first millennium, occupy elevated ground where their banks gave a clear view of the surrounding countryside. This one, in the townland of Ross in north Mayo, does the opposite. It occupies a dip on the south-western flank of a low ridge, with a spur of that ridge cutting off views to the north-west and a low rise limiting the sight-line to the north-east. The only open view is eastward, across a valley of damp pasture towards Killala Bay, the shoreline of which lies roughly 400 metres away.

The enclosure itself is oval, measuring about 29.8 metres east to west and 20 metres north to south, and is defined by the remnants of an earthen bank. The bank survives best on the southern side, where its external face still stands 1.7 metres high, but around the north it has been reduced to little more than a low scarp. Inside, the ground is level, which might suggest the interior was deliberately prepared or later modified. What makes the site especially interesting is the evidence of subsequent agricultural use written into the ground: several low, parallel ridges running roughly east to west across the interior are the traces of old cultivation beds, the kind sometimes called lazy beds, used in Ireland for growing crops, particularly potatoes, in strips separated by drainage furrows. At the western end of the most southerly of these ridges, the feature widens into a small sod-covered stony mound, about 5.6 metres long and 0.6 metres high, most likely a field clearance cairn, a modest heap of stones gathered from the ground to make cultivation easier. At the north-east of the enclosure, traces of a levelled field fence run up to the old bank, suggesting that at some later point the rath's boundary was simply incorporated into a working field system, its original purpose long forgotten or irrelevant to whoever was farming the land.

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