Ringfort (Rath), Shannon Oughter, Co. Sligo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Shannon Oughter, Co. Sligo

On a hill in County Sligo where flax was once processed nearby, a roughly oval enclosure sits quietly in fertile pasture, its boundaries shaped by a combination of earthworks that have survived well enough to measure but not quite well enough to explain how anyone got in.

No entrance feature has been identified, which is unusual even by the standards of Irish ringforts, the circular or oval enclosed farmsteads that were built in their thousands across Ireland during the early medieval period, typically between the fifth and twelfth centuries.

The site sits in an area locally known as Beachgreen Hill, a name that reflects the presence of a flax mill somewhere in the vicinity, flax processing having been a significant rural industry in the northwest of Ireland. The enclosure measures roughly 33.7 metres north to south and 37.5 metres east to west. Its defences are not uniform. From the south-west around to the south-east, the interior is separated from the outside world by an internal fosse, a ditch dug into the ground, which reaches about seven metres in width on the eastern side and narrows to just under five metres on the west. To the east and west, an external bank takes over, rising to around 1.35 metres above the exterior ground level, though only 0.15 metres above the interior. To the north and south, the enclosure relies on a natural or modified scarp, a sharp slope in the ground, rather than any constructed bank or ditch. The result is a perimeter that draws on several different defensive strategies, each suited to the particular topography of that side of the hill.

The combination of internal fosse and external bank is worth pausing on. In many ringforts, the ditch and bank work together in a straightforward sequence, the soil from the ditch piled outward to create the bank. Here, the fosse appears on the interior, meaning the enclosed area itself is partly defined by a depression rather than elevated ground, which complicates the usual picture. Whether this reflects the natural contours of the hill being incorporated into the design, or something more deliberate, is not clear from what survives at ground level.

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