Ringfort (Rath), Sheepstown, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Ringforts
Between early medieval farmstead and post-medieval industrial site, this ringfort in Sheepstown carries the traces of two very different kinds of occupation.
What gives it an unusual quality is the lime-kiln recorded on the 1837 Ordnance Survey six-inch map, built into the south-south-east perimeter of the earthwork sometime after 1700. The people who constructed that kiln, used for burning limestone to produce agricultural lime, were apparently unbothered by the age of what they were building into, treating an ancient boundary as a convenient ready-made wall.
The ringfort itself sits on a natural rise in undulating grassland, a position that would have made good practical sense to whoever established it. Ringforts, the most common surviving field monument in Ireland, were typically enclosed farmsteads of the early medieval period, roughly the fifth to twelfth centuries, though the form persisted in places beyond that. This example is a roughly circular enclosure, measuring about 29 metres north to south and 31 metres east to west, defined by two earthen banks with a fosse, or ditch, running between them. The outer bank has largely been lost, surviving only on the north and west sides. An entrance gap, just over two metres wide, opens at the south-east. Inside, the ground rises gently toward the centre, and a slight depression to the south of that central rise may represent a hut site, the faint ghost of a structure that once stood within the enclosure. A second ringfort lies roughly 70 metres to the north-west, suggesting this corner of Westmeath was once more densely settled than its present quiet appearance implies.
The ground immediately outside the monument has been disturbed by quarrying, which may explain why the outer bank survives so patchily. That same quarrying activity, and the lime-kiln it likely supplied, are a reminder that agricultural improvement in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries left its mark on the landscape in ways that were not always careful of what came before.