Ringfort (Rath), Simonstown, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Ringforts
In the low, rolling pasture of Simonstown in County Westmeath, a circular earthwork sits on the eastern end of a low ridge, ringed by trees and quietly surrounded by two of its own kind.
Within roughly 220 metres in either direction, two further ringforts occupy the same landscape, making this part of Westmeath an unusually dense cluster of these early medieval enclosures. A ringfort, or rath, was typically a circular bank-and-ditch enclosure used as a farmstead during the early medieval period, the raised earthen walls offering both a degree of protection and a clear social statement about the family within. This particular example adds a further layer of complexity: it was not built with earth alone.
When archaeologists described the monument in 1980, they found a roughly oval area measuring approximately 28 metres north to south and 25 metres east to west, enclosed by an inner bank, an intervening fosse (a defensive ditch), and a low outer bank. Stone facing is still visible in places along the inner bank and at the outer edge of the fosse, suggesting a more carefully engineered structure than plain earthen raths. By the time of that description, erosion and infilling had already done considerable damage, particularly to the eastern and south-eastern portions of the fosse and outer bank. The original entrance is uncertain; there are gaps in both the inner and outer banks at the north-west, though no causeway survives across the fosse to confirm that reading. A gap at the south-east is another candidate. The interior itself is uneven, with a slope facing south-east and a curious arc of low scarp just inside the north-western bank, along with a depression running roughly north-east to south-west toward the centre; whether these are traces of original internal features or the result of later disturbance remains unresolved. The site appears on an estate map of Rathconrath from 1776, and again on the Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1837, where a field boundary is shown cutting directly across it, a reminder of how casually later agricultural practice could bisect monuments that were already ancient.