Ringfort (Rath), Tawnamullagh, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Tawnamullagh, Co. Mayo

Most early medieval ringforts survive above ground as earthen banks and ditches, the circular enclosures that once defined farmsteads across the Irish countryside.

This one at Tawnamullagh has taken a different route: it has been levelled entirely, and its existence is now confirmed mainly from the air. Where the ground dries unevenly in summer, the buried outline of the old enclosure shows through as a cropmark, a ghostly oval readable in aerial photography and in current satellite imagery even though nothing remains visible at ground level.

The site sits on a low rise within flat, low-lying pasture, a slight elevation that would have made it marginally more defensible or simply better drained in an otherwise open landscape. A 1919 Ordnance Survey six-inch map recorded it as an oval measuring roughly 35 metres on its northwest to southeast axis and about 25 metres across, enclosed by an external fosse, the ditch that typically ran around the outside of a rath to reinforce the inner bank. At some point between that mapping and the present, the earthworks were ploughed or otherwise graded away. A field boundary running on a roughly north to south axis cuts across the western half of the interior and is still visible on the ground today, dividing what was once a coherent enclosure into an agricultural convenience. A second rath survives in better condition approximately 155 metres to the northeast, which suggests this part of Tawnamullagh once supported more than one enclosed farmstead, a clustering that is not unusual in areas of early medieval settlement across Connacht.

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