Ringfort (Rath), Tonashammer, Co. Westmeath

Co. Westmeath |

Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Tonashammer, Co. Westmeath

On a low rise in the poorly drained grassland of Tonashammer, a roughly circular earthwork sits in quiet disrepair, its original purpose still legible in outline even where the details have blurred.

A ringfort, or rath, was a type of enclosed farmstead common throughout early medieval Ireland, typically defined by an earthen bank and external ditch enclosing a family's dwelling and outbuildings. This one measures approximately 25 metres north to south and 30 metres east to west, and what survives of its defining bank is around 4.5 metres wide in places, though poorly preserved. The shallow ditch, or fosse, that once ran around the outside is now only clearly visible on the western and north-western sides, and a second low bank beyond it has partially survived on the same arc. The other sides have lost their fosse entirely.

Several details within the enclosure add texture to what might otherwise read as a straightforward, if degraded, earthwork. A gap of roughly 1.9 metres in the north-eastern bank may mark the original entrance, the point through which people and animals once passed daily. In the north-western quadrant, the outline of a circular hut site is still traceable on the ground, a rare glimpse of domestic structure within the enclosure. More puzzling is an earthen bank that sub-divides the same north-western quadrant; its age is unknown, and it is unclear whether it belongs to the original occupation of the site or to some later use. The interior is uneven in places, though that unevenness appears to reflect modern disturbance rather than ancient activity. Lough Doo lies just 90 metres to the south-east, and roughly 520 metres to the north stands a motte and bailey castle, a Norman fortification type in which an earthen mound topped by a wooden or stone keep was paired with an enclosed courtyard. The two monuments belong to quite different periods and traditions, yet they occupy the same small stretch of ground, each having made use of whatever the landscape offered.

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