Ringfort (Rath), Tullanacorra, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Tullanacorra, Co. Mayo

A modern field fence cuts straight through the middle of this ringfort in Tullanacorra, Co. Mayo, bisecting a structure that was already old when medieval farmers were working this same ridge.

That division tells the story of the site in miniature: one half reasonably intact, the other almost entirely levelled, the two halves now belonging to different fields even as they share the same ancient footprint.

The rath, a type of enclosed farmstead typical of early medieval Ireland, consists of a roughly circular raised platform measuring about 30 metres across. It sits near the eastern end of a ridge, a position that gives wide views southward over lowland pasture while offering more restricted sightlines westward along the ridge top. Such elevated, well-drained positions were favoured by the farming families who built these enclosures, probably between the sixth and twelfth centuries. To the south-west of the field fence, the defining scarp still stands up to 1.1 metres high, accompanied by a fosse (a defensive or drainage ditch, roughly 2.7 metres wide) and an outer earthen bank beyond it. That outer bank has been absorbed into a later field boundary at the south-east, one piece of an old landscape quietly cannibalised by a newer one. To the north-east, agricultural levelling has reduced the same features to little more than a faint rise in the ground. Erosion across the site has exposed the material the rath is built from: sandy, gravelly soil, banked and shaped by hand. Inside the enclosure, two grassed-over linear hollows, each around 10 metres long, may represent the collapsed remains of a souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage often used for storage or refuge. Two further raths lie within 250 metres, one to the west-south-west and one to the north, a cluster that suggests this ridge supported a small dispersed community rather than a single isolated household.

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Pete F
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