Ringfort (Rath), Tullynahoo, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Tullynahoo, Co. Mayo

A ring of hawthorn bushes marks the perimeter of this early medieval enclosure in Tullynahoo, Co. Mayo, sitting on a rise in pasture land with wide views in most directions.

Ringforts, or raths, were the standard farmstead type of early medieval Ireland, typically consisting of a raised circular platform enclosed by one or more earthen banks with an intervening ditch, known as a fosse. This example is modest in scale, roughly 20.6 metres north to south and 20.5 metres east to west, but it preserves a legible double-bank arrangement that gives a reasonable sense of how such enclosures once presented themselves in the landscape.

The site carries the usual marks of centuries of agricultural life pressing up against and eventually into it. The outer bank incorporates considerable stone along its southern arc, some of which is likely the result of later field clearance rather than original construction. A section running from the north-east to the south-east has been levelled and replaced by a straight field wall, part of a broader network of later boundaries that now enclose the rath on three sides. Two breaks in the outer bank, one at the south-south-west and one at the east-south-east, were opened relatively recently so that the southern arc of the fosse could serve as a farm track. The north-west portion of the outer bank has been partially quarried away. Despite this, the original entrance arrangement at the east survives in outline: a two-metre gap in the inner bank lines up with what appears to be a causeway across the fosse, a raised section about four metres wide that may have carried the original approach into the enclosure.

The interior is level and unremarkable at first glance, but a closer look at the northern half reveals a low, oblong, grass-covered mound, approximately 2.6 metres long, one metre wide, and just 0.2 metres high, with a slight hollow immediately to its west and a smaller rise a few metres further west. What these features represent is not recorded, but such subtle internal topography in raths can sometimes indicate the buried remains of structures or earlier disturbance. A later field wall also crosses the southern edge of the interior, a reminder that even within the original enclosure, subsequent generations found practical uses for whatever ground was available.

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Pete F
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