Ringfort (Rath), Wooddown, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Ringforts
A public road runs straight through the middle of this early medieval ringfort on the southern edge of a Westmeath bog, splitting what was once a single enclosed settlement into two separate halves.
That bisection, already a fact of life by the time the revised Ordnance Survey map was drawn in 1913, is what makes the site quietly arresting: the earthworks are still there, still legible, still holding their rough circular shape across roughly 33 metres north to south and 29 metres east to west, and yet the landscape has simply moved on through them.
A ringfort, sometimes called a rath, is an enclosed farmstead of the early medieval period, typically defined by one or more earthen banks and corresponding ditches, known as fosses, thrown up to protect a family and their livestock. This one at Wooddown is bivallate, meaning it has two such concentric banks rather than the more common single ring, which may indicate the higher status of whoever once lived here. When the site was described in detail in 1970, surveyors recorded a causewayed entrance at the south, where deliberate gaps in both banks and a raised causeway across the fosse between them once formed a formal approach. The inner bank had by then been reduced largely to a scarp, though it still drops steeply on its outer face. The outer bank survives best on its eastern and southern arc, and is almost entirely gone to the north. A shallow berm, a flat shelf of ground, was also noted between the inner fosse and the outer bank on the western side. The site sits at 108 metres above sea level on a slight natural rise, which would have given its original occupants clear sightlines across the surrounding low bog in every direction. By 1837 it was already being recorded on Ordnance Survey mapping as an oval enclosure, and aerial photography shows the monument today as a tree-covered rise to the north of the road and a tree-lined enclosure to the south, the two halves still faintly mirroring each other across the tarmac.