Road - class 1 togher, Cloonfore, Co. Longford
Co. Longford |
Roads & Tracks
Beneath the boggy fields of Cloonfore in County Longford, a narrow road made of wood once carried people across ground too wet and unstable to cross on foot with any confidence.
This is a togher, an ancient type of trackway built from timber and brushwood laid across bogland, and the example recorded here stretched for 173 metres, reaching a width of just 1.2 metres, crossing eleven fields in a roughly east-northeast to west-southwest direction.
When archaeologists examined the site, much of what remained was visible at field surface level as a degraded band of brushwood and wood chips, actively being milled and therefore under threat. However, beneath the surface, particularly under the raised central domes of the fields, the structure had survived in better condition. What the excavation revealed was a carefully engineered, if modest, piece of construction. Two parallel lines of brushwood defined the edges, with a third running along the centre. Between these, small brushwood and twigs were packed tightly and laid lengthways along the track. Beneath that upper layer sat larger brushwood, also laid longitudinally or at a slight angle, and beneath that again a further layer of small brushwood and twigs provided additional support. The whole thing amounted to a kind of laminated mat, each layer reinforcing the one above it, designed to distribute weight across ground that would otherwise swallow a traveller whole. Work by Dunne, published in 2002, documented this layered structure in detail.
That such a construction survived at all owes much to the preserving qualities of peat, which excludes the oxygen that would otherwise allow organic material to rot. Toghers like this one appear throughout the Irish midlands, where bogland historically made overland movement difficult. Many are known only because modern peat extraction, the same process that threatened this togher, has stripped back the layers above them.