Road - class 3 togher, Killavally, Co. Westmeath

Co. Westmeath |

Roads & Tracks

Road – class 3 togher, Killavally, Co. Westmeath

In the boglands of Killavally, Co. Westmeath, a narrow strip of ancient roadway lies preserved in the peat, just over a metre wide and barely fifteen centimetres deep.

It is a togher, the Irish term for a timber trackway laid across wet or boggy ground to allow people and animals to pass where the land would otherwise swallow them whole. This particular example is classed as a class 3 togher, meaning it was constructed from brushwood rather than heavier planked timber, making it a relatively modest but no less deliberate piece of engineering.

The trackway runs north to south and is built in two layers: a dense, irregularly arranged bed of light brushwood at the centre, overlain by heavier branches laid transversely across it, a technique that distributes weight and prevents the structure from sinking unevenly into the soft ground. Up to ten wooden pegs, driven in at angles of eighty to ninety degrees, pin one flank of the trackway in place. On the opposite side, the structure has been heavily damaged. The wood species identified, hazel and holly, are native Irish species that would have been readily available at a hedgerow or woodland edge, and the metal toolmarks visible on several pieces, cut to chisel and wedge points along with a number of torn strips, indicate that iron tools were used in its construction, which helps place it within a broadly medieval or early medieval context, though no specific date has been recorded for this site. The peat in which it sits is well-humified Sphagnum peat, the kind of dense, compressed bog material that forms over centuries and is remarkably effective at preserving organic material that would rot away almost instantly in open air. A second togher was recorded just 4.3 metres to the north, in the opposite face of the same drainage cut, suggesting this area of bog was crossed by more than one such route.

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