Settlement cluster, Ballygrennan, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Settlement Sites
Beneath the lawns and driveways of two modern housing estates on the western edge of Limerick City, there is evidence of a settlement that was already old when the first Ordnance Survey mappers came through in 1840.
The ground here, low-lying pasture at the angle of Cratloe Road and Galtee Avenue, does not announce itself. Nothing marks the spot. But during construction monitoring in 1998, archaeologists uncovered a pit and a burnt spread, the kind of features that accumulate quietly around domestic life over centuries, and which tend to suggest that people were living and working on a patch of land long before anyone thought to write it down.
The clearest early record of this cluster comes from the Down Survey, the ambitious mid-seventeenth-century mapping project that recorded land ownership across Ireland, largely in the aftermath of the Cromwellian wars. The barony map of the North Liberties of Limerick shows a group of dwellings arranged either side of the road leading out of the city, precisely where the modern Clonile and Shanrath estates now sit. A further detail appears on the 1840 Ordnance Survey six-inch map: a placename, Red Gate, recorded roughly 65 metres to the north-west of the settlement cluster. The significance of that name is uncertain, though it has been noted by researchers as potentially meaningful in tracing the area's history. About a kilometre to the north-east, the site of Castle Park castle adds another layer to the local landscape, suggesting this stretch of ground was part of a wider pattern of occupation in the North Liberties during the medieval and early modern periods.
There is little to see at ground level today. The Clonile and Shanrath estates cover the area entirely, and archaeological test trenching carried out on the opposite side of Cratloe Road in 2004 found nothing, a reminder that survival of buried material is always uneven. The interest here lies less in what is visible than in what the maps reveal: the Down Survey barony map, which can be consulted through the digitised Hiberniae Regnum series, places this modest cluster of dwellings in a specific historical moment, legible if you know what you are looking at. For anyone curious about how the edge of a city looked before it was a city, the junction of Cratloe Road and Galtee Avenue is a place worth pausing at, even if the ground gives very little away.