Souterrain, Baile Mór Thiar, Co. Kerry

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Settlement Sites

Souterrain, Baile Mór Thiar, Co. Kerry

On a south-west facing slope above Ventry Harbour, set into rough mountain terrain on the Dingle Peninsula, there is a small underground structure that most people walking the hills above would never notice.

What makes it worth seeking out is not its scale but its state of preservation and the careful, almost deliberate engineering packed into a very tight space. The site also includes two hut sites and the fragmentary remains of what may have been a cashel wall, the kind of dry-stone enclosure used in early medieval Ireland to define a settlement or farmstead, though here only traces of that outer boundary survive.

The souterrain, an underground stone-built passage used in early medieval Ireland for storage, refuge, or both, is L-shaped in plan and composed of three connected sections: an entrance passage, a short constricted creepway, and a small oval chamber at the far end. The passage alone runs 3.5 metres from south-east to north-west, but the dimensions tighten considerably along the way. The first section is only 55 centimetres wide and barely half a metre high at its entrance; the second section is somewhat roomier, roofed by a series of flat slabs. The creepway connecting the passage to the chamber narrows to just 40 centimetres at its midpoint, where two jamb stones are set at right angles to the side walls specifically to reduce the opening. It is the kind of feature that makes entry difficult for anyone unfamiliar with the layout, which was almost certainly the point. The chamber itself, measuring roughly 2.5 by 1.55 metres, is corbelled near the top, meaning the upper courses of stone are angled progressively inward to carry the weight of five roofing slabs laid in a slight fan arrangement. One of those slabs, at the south-west end, has since collapsed inward, and the gap it left now serves as the most practical way into the chamber. The full description was compiled by J. Cuppage for the Dingle Peninsula archaeological survey, published in 1986.

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