Souterrain, Carn Beg, Co. Mayo

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Settlement Sites

Souterrain, Carn Beg, Co. Mayo

On elevated pasture in undulating County Mayo countryside, a narrow slit in the ground, little more than 25 centimetres high and barely a metre wide, hints at something considerably larger beneath the surface.

A thick limestone lintel slab, partly swallowed by sod and topsoil, covers the opening to a souterrain, one of those underground stone-built passages or chambers constructed in early medieval Ireland, typically for storage, refuge, or concealment. The gap is partly blocked with loose stones and too tight for easy entry, but it offers just enough of a view into the darkness below to make out a steep, stone-strewn slope descending to a chamber floor, with drystone walls rising to a roof of flat limestone slabs laid in a row.

The structure was described in some detail in an account published in the Irish Press on 20th June 1933, which recorded a roughly oval chamber approximately seven metres long, three to three and a half metres wide, and around two metres high, with slightly corbelled drystone walls, a technique where courses of stone are angled progressively inward to bear the weight of the roofing slabs above. Surrounding the souterrain are features that complicate any simple reading of the site. Immediately to the east of the opening lies a shallow depression edged by a close-set line of low, partly sod-covered stones, their significance unresolved; they may be the remnants of a wall once associated with the souterrain or its enclosure, or the remains of a later field wall, or simply a natural seam of bedrock emerging from the ground. Two field clearance cairns, the heaped byproduct of generations of farmers removing stones from their land, sit close by: a larger oval mound to the south, nearly ten metres across and 1.3 metres high, and a smaller circular one about five metres to the north-north-east, banked against a slope so that its eastern side rises considerably higher than its western edge. Whether the souterrain and the cairns were part of the same agricultural or settlement landscape, or simply accumulated near one another over very different periods, remains an open question.

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Pete F
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